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Lesson 3
The Passing Away of Bapu
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| Nayantara Sehgal |
The author and the text:
Nayantara Sehgal (1927- ) is one of the first famous female Indian writers in English to receive wide recognition. Her fiction deals with India's response to the crisis brought about by political changes. She won the Sahitya Academy award in 1986 for her novel Rich like Us.
The text, an extract from Nayantara Sehgal's memoir Prison and Chocolate cake, recounts the incidents following the death if Gandhiji. It vividly describes not only the author's personal sense of loss, but also the collective grief of the entire nation at the passing away of Mahatma Gandhi.
Read the following:
Unit 1
I was having tea at home on the evening of 30th January 1948, when I was called to Birla house by an urgent telephone. Gandhiji had been shot on his way to a prayer meeting. I was numb at I got into the car.
At the Borla House, Gandhiji's relatives and followers had gathered round his body. There was silence in the room as Gandhiji breathed his last. Words of Bapuji's death had spread through Delhi like a flame fanned by wind. Sad groups of men and women had collected around Birla House. Out of every window one could see a brown blur of faces. They did not make a sound. There was an unnatural silence. It was as if time stood still for those minutes.
The people were too stunned to speak in the beginning. Later they clamoured wildly, shouting and crying. They jostled one another in a stampede to break into the house. The clamed a little when it was announced that they would be allowed to see Gandhiji before the funeral.
When one in faced with the shock of a loved one's death, one whimpers: "What will become of me now that he has left me?" This was surely the question uppermost in the mind of the mourning people. They looked like lost children. It was the question in many of our hearths as we sat, still shocked and unbelieving. We listened to the broadcast telling the people of India that their Bapu was no more.
Word nest
clamoured : demanded loudly
jostled : forced one's way by pushing
whimpers : makes low, crying noises
Sea Also:
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Hindi translation :
30 जनवरी 1948 की शाम को मैं घर पर चाय पी रही थी, तभी मुझे एक जरूरी टेलीफोन द्वारा बिड़ला हाउस बुलाया गया। प्रार्थना सभा के लिए जाते समय गांधीजी को गोली मार दी गई थी। जब मैं कार में बैठा तो मैं स्तब्ध थी।
बिरला हाउस में गांधीजी के रिश्तेदार और अनुयायी उनके पार्थिव शरीर के पास जमा हो गए थे। जब गांधीजी ने अंतिम सांस ली तो कमरे में सन्नाटा छा गया। बापूजी की मृत्यु की खबर हवा से भड़की लौ की तरह दिल्ली में फैल गई थी। बिड़ला हाउस के आसपास पुरुषों और महिलाओं के उदास समूह एकत्र हो गए थे। हर खिड़की से बाहर चेहरों का भूरा धुंधलापन देखा जा सकता था। उन्होंने कोई आवाज़ नहीं की. एक अस्वाभाविक सन्नाटा था. ऐसा लगा जैसे उन मिनटों के लिए समय ठहर गया हो।
शुरुआत में तो लोग बोलने से भी स्तब्ध रह गए। बाद में वे बेतहाशा चिल्लाने, चिल्लाने और रोने लगे। घर में घुसने के लिए मची भगदड़ में वे एक-दूसरे से धक्का-मुक्की करने लगे। जब यह घोषणा की गई कि उन्हें अंतिम संस्कार से पहले गांधीजी को देखने की अनुमति दी जाएगी, तो वे थोड़ा नाराज हुए।
जब कोई किसी प्रियजन की मृत्यु के सदमे का सामना करता है, तो वह रोने लगता है: "अब जब उसने मुझे छोड़ दिया है तो मेरा क्या होगा?" शोक संतप्त लोगों के मन में निश्चित रूप से यही सवाल था। वे खोए हुए बच्चों की तरह लग रहे थे। हममें से कई लोगों के दिलों में यह सवाल था, जब हम बैठे थे, अभी भी हैरान और अविश्वासी थे। हमने वह प्रसारण सुना जिसमें भारत के लोगों को बताया गया कि उनके बापू नहीं रहे।
Read the following:
Unit 2
Gandhiji's funeral was to take place the day after his death. Hours in advance, people lined the route the funeral procession was to follow. Padmassi, Mrs. Naidu's daughter, spoke for us all when she said simply: we will walk. It is the last time we shall be walking with Bapu.
It was an agonizing walk. Thousands silently watched the procession. Bapu lay on an open truck covered with flowers. Thousands of people wept, trying to touch Bapu's feet. It was impossible to move in the thick crowd.
As I moved forward slowly I understand Iwas not merely in midst of grieving people. This was even more than the funeral procession of India's beloved leader. I was among people for whom walking with Bapu had a special meaning. We had walked with Bapu over the rough and smooth of India's recent history. We could not now accept the fact that the men who had led us over many difficult paths, was never going to walk with us again. Bapu's slight figure had walked, staff in hand, over a large part of India. To walk is to make slow progress. It is to think with clarity and closely look at all that is around you, from small insects to the average Indian. It required no vehicle except his own body and cost him nothing but his energy. Gandhiji took this necessity, as he look much that was commonplace and transformed it into a joyful effort.
Word nest :
staff : walking-stick
clarity : ability to clearly think about or understand something
commonplace : ordinary
Hindi translation:
गांधीजी का अंतिम संस्कार उनकी मृत्यु के अगले दिन होना था। घंटों पहले से ही लोग उस रास्ते पर लाइन लगाकर खड़े हो गए जिस रास्ते पर अंतिम संस्कार का जुलूस जाना था। श्रीमती नायडू की बेटी पद्मासी ने हम सभी के लिए बात की और सरल शब्दों में कहा: हम चलेंगे। यह आखिरी बार है जब हम बापू के साथ चलेंगे।
यह कष्टदायक यात्रा थी। हजारों लोग चुपचाप जुलूस देखते रहे। बापू फूलों से ढके एक खुले ट्रक पर लेटे हुए थे। हजारों लोग बापू के पैर छूने की कोशिश में रो पड़े। घनी भीड़ में हिलना नामुमकिन था.
जैसे-जैसे मैं धीरे-धीरे आगे बढ़ी, मुझे समझ आया कि मैं केवल शोक संतप्त लोगों के बीच में नहीं था। यह भारत के प्रिय नेता की शवयात्रा से भी अधिक था। मैं उन लोगों में से था जिनके लिए बापू के साथ चलना एक विशेष अर्थ रखता था। हम भारत के हालिया इतिहास के उतार-चढ़ाव पर बापू के साथ चले थे। हम अब इस तथ्य को स्वीकार नहीं कर सकते थे कि जो व्यक्ति हमें कई कठिन रास्तों पर ले गया, वह फिर कभी हमारे साथ नहीं चलने वाला था। बापू की हल्की-सी आकृति हाथ में लाठी लेकर भारत के एक बड़े हिस्से में घूम चुकी थी। चलने का अर्थ है धीमी गति से प्रगति करना। यह स्पष्टता के साथ सोचना है और छोटे कीड़ों से लेकर औसत भारतीय तक, अपने आस-पास मौजूद हर चीज़ को बारीकी से देखना है। इसके लिए उनके अपने शरीर के अलावा किसी साधन की आवश्यकता नहीं थी और इसमें उनकी ऊर्जा के अलावा कुछ भी खर्च नहीं हुआ। गांधीजी ने इस आवश्यकता को स्वीकार किया, क्योंकि वे बहुत सामान्य दिखते थे और इसे एक आनंदमय प्रयास में बदल दिया।
Read the following:
Unit 3
Some days after the funeral, a special train took Gandhiji's ashes to Allahabad. The compartment was decked with flowers. People on the train sang bhajans. People did not weep anymore for they could feel Gandhiji's presence amid the flowers and the songs. At every station sorrowful crowds filled the platform. Amid song and prayer the train reached Allahabad. The ashes were immersed in the Ganges where a huge crowd had gathered at the bank. Afterwards we all went back to Delhi.
Back in Delhi, I felt at sea. I had not directly walked with Gandhiji, gone to prison at his call or made any sacrifice for my country. My sisters and I, and other young people like me, had been merely onlookers. But still I felt at sea. I felt I had grown up within a magic circle. With Bapu's passing away, I felt the magic circle had vanished leaving me unprotected.
With an effort I roused myself. I asked- had Bapu lived and died for nothing? How could I so easily lose courage when no longer there? My values were not so weak. Millions of people would have been ordinary folk but for Bapu. He brought them out of indifference and awakened them to one another's suffering. What if now Bapu is gone? We were still there, young, strong and proud to bear his banner before us.
Bapu had passed away but his India would continue to live in his children.
Word nest:
decked : decorated
indifference : lack of interest
Hindi translation :
अंतिम संस्कार के कुछ दिन बाद, एक विशेष ट्रेन गांधीजी की अस्थियों को इलाहाबाद ले गई। डिब्बे को फूलों से सजाया गया था। ट्रेन में लोगों ने भजन गाए. लोग अब रोते नहीं थे क्योंकि वे फूलों और गीतों के बीच गांधीजी की उपस्थिति महसूस कर सकते थे। हर स्टेशन पर प्लेटफार्म पर गमगीन भीड़ उमड़ पड़ी। गीत और प्रार्थना के बीच ट्रेन इलाहाबाद पहुंची। अस्थियों को गंगा में विसर्जित किया गया जहां तट पर भारी भीड़ जमा हो गई थी। बाद में हम सभी दिल्ली वापस चले गये.
दिल्ली में वापस आकर मुझे समुद्र जैसा महसूस हुआ। मैं सीधे तौर पर गांधी जी के साथ नहीं चली, उनके आह्वान पर जेल नहीं गया या देश के लिए कोई बलिदान नहीं दिया। मैं और मेरी बहनें और मेरे जैसे अन्य युवा केवल दर्शक बने रहे। लेकिन फिर भी मुझे समुद्र जैसा महसूस हुआ। मुझे लगा कि मैं एक जादुई दायरे में बड़ा हो गया हूं। बापू के निधन के साथ, मुझे लगा कि जादू का चक्र मुझे असुरक्षित छोड़कर गायब हो गया है।
प्रयास करके मैंने स्वयं को जगाया। मैंने पूछा- क्या बापू यूँ ही जिए और मर गए? जब मैं वहां नहीं हूं तो मैं इतनी आसानी से हिम्मत कैसे हार सकता हूं? मेरे संस्कार इतने कमज़ोर नहीं थे. अगर बापू न होते तो लाखों लोग साधारण लोग होते। वह उन्हें उदासीनता से बाहर लाया और उन्हें एक-दूसरे की पीड़ा के प्रति जागृत किया। अगर अब बापू चले गए तो क्या होगा? हम अभी भी वहां थे, युवा, मजबूत और उनके बैनर को अपने सामने रखकर गौरवान्वित थे।
बापू का निधन हो गया लेकिन उनका भारत उनके बच्चों में जीवित रहेगा।
Summary of The Passing Away of Bapu:
The story is about the death of Mahatma Gandhi, a revered leader in India, and the impact it had on the people. The narrator was having tea at home when he was informed about Gandhi’s death. When he arrived at Birla House, where Gandhi’s body was, there was silence in the room. The news of Gandhi’s death spread quickly through Delhi and people gathered around Birla House in mourning. The people were initially too stunned to speak, but later they cried and clamoured to see Gandhi’s body. The funeral procession was an agonizing walk for the people, who lined the route and wept as they tried to touch Gandhi’s feet.
The narrator reflects on his personal relationship with Gandhi and how he feels at a loss after his death. He realizes that, although he was not directly involved in Gandhi’s political activism, he still feels that he has lost a mentor and father figure. He acknowledges that Gandhi’s death is a loss not just for him, but for millions of people who have been awakened to one another’s suffering by Gandhi.
However, the narrator also feels a sense of responsibility to continue Gandhi’s legacy and to keep his values alive. He recognizes that Gandhi’s India will continue to live in his children and that he and others like him should not lose courage just because Gandhi is no longer there. The narrator’s resolve symbolizes the idea that Gandhi’s spirit will live on through the actions of his followers.
Overall, the story is a touching tribute to Gandhi’s impact on the people of India and their grief after his death. It also speaks to the importance of persevering in the face of loss and carrying on the values of a beloved leader.
Hindi Translation:
यह कहानी भारत में सम्मानित नेता महात्मा गांधी की मृत्यु और लोगों पर उसके प्रभाव के बारे में है। कथावाचक घर पर चाय पी रहे थे जब उन्हें गांधी की मृत्यु की सूचना मिली। जब वे बिड़ला हाउस पहुंचे, जहां गांधी का पार्थिव शरीर था, तो कमरे में सन्नाटा था। गांधी की मृत्यु की खबर तेजी से दिल्ली में फैल गई और लोग शोक में बिड़ला हाउस के आसपास एकत्र हो गए। लोग शुरू में तो बोलने से डर गए, लेकिन बाद में वे गांधी के शव को देखने के लिए रोने लगे और चिल्लाने लगे। अंतिम संस्कार जुलूस उन लोगों के लिए एक कष्टदायक यात्रा थी, जो मार्ग पर कतार में खड़े थे और गांधी के पैर छूने की कोशिश करते हुए रो रहे थे।
कथाकार गांधी के साथ अपने व्यक्तिगत संबंधों और उनकी मृत्यु के बाद किस तरह नुकसान महसूस करता है, इस पर विचार करता है। उन्हें एहसास है कि, हालाँकि वह सीधे तौर पर गांधी की राजनीतिक सक्रियता में शामिल नहीं थे, फिर भी उन्हें लगता है कि उन्होंने एक गुरु और पिता तुल्य खो दिया है। वह स्वीकार करते हैं कि गांधी की मृत्यु न केवल उनके लिए, बल्कि उन लाखों लोगों के लिए क्षति है, जिन्हें गांधी ने एक-दूसरे की पीड़ा के प्रति जागृत किया है।
हालाँकि, कथाकार को गांधी की विरासत को जारी रखने और उनके मूल्यों को जीवित रखने की ज़िम्मेदारी का एहसास भी है। वह मानते हैं कि गांधी का भारत उनके बच्चों में जीवित रहेगा और उन्हें और उनके जैसे अन्य लोगों को केवल इसलिए साहस नहीं खोना चाहिए क्योंकि गांधी अब नहीं रहे। कथावाचक का संकल्प इस विचार का प्रतीक है कि गांधी की आत्मा उनके अनुयायियों के कार्यों के माध्यम से जीवित रहेगी।
कुल मिलाकर, यह कहानी भारत के लोगों पर गांधी के प्रभाव और उनकी मृत्यु के बाद उनके दुःख के प्रति एक मार्मिक श्रद्धांजलि है। यह नुकसान की स्थिति में भी बने रहने और एक प्रिय नेता के मूल्यों को आगे बढ़ाने के महत्व के बारे में भी बताता है।
The Passing Away of Bapu
Unit 1
Question-Answer class 10
Comprehension exercise
1. Choose the correct alternative to complete the following sentences
(a) Gandhiji had been shot on his way to-
(i) The Birla House(ii) the author’s house(in) a prayer meeting ✔(iv) a family gathering
(b) The author came to know of Gandhiji’s death by-
(i) a letter(ii) a telephone call ✔(ii) a telegram(iv) a public broadcast
(c) When one is faced with the shock of a loved one’s death, one
(i) whimpers ✔(ii) laughs(ii) claps(iv) shouts
2. Fill in the chart with information from the text:
|
(a)
the date on which Gandhiji was shot dead |
30th January,
1948 |
|
(b)
the place where Gandhiji breathed his last |
Birla House |
|
(C)
information was given by the broadcast |
Bapu was no more |
3. State whether the following statements are True or False. Provide sentences/phrases/words in support of your answer:
(a) The author received an urgent telephone call in the morning. False
Supporting statement: “… when I was called to Birla House by an urgent telephone.”
(b) People attempted to break into the Birla House. True
Supporting statement: “They jostled one another in a stampede to break into the house.”
(c) The news of Gandhiji’s death did not shock the people. False
Supporting statement: “… we sat still shocked and unbelieving.”
The Passing Away of Bapu
Unit 2
Question-Answer
Comprehension exercise
4. Choose the correct alternative to complete the following sentences.
(a) Gandhiji’s funeral was to take place
(i) on the day of his death(ii) two days after his death(iii) one day after his death ✔(iv) a week after his death
(b) Padmasi was Mrs Naidu’s–
(i) niece(ii) sister(iii) friend(iv) daughter ✔
(c) While walking, Bapu used to carry in his hand a/an
(i) flag(iii) staff ✔(iii) umbrella(iv) cane
5. Complete the following sentences with information from the text:
(a) Thousands of people wept, trying to touch Gandhiji’s feet.
(b) The author was among people for whom walking with Gandhiji had a special meaning.
(c) To walk is to make slow Progress.
6. Fill in the chart with information from the text:
|
Statement |
Reason |
|
(a) It was impossible to move. |
The crowd was very thick |
|
(b) Padmasi declared that they would walk with
Gandhiji in the funeral procession. |
It was the last time they would be walking with
Bapu. |
|
c) To walk was often the only way open to the
average Indian |
Most of them are poor and unable to afford
vehicles or the cost of transportation. |
The Passing Away of Bapu
Unit 3
Question Answer:
Comprehension exercise
7. Choose the correct alternative to complete the following sentences:
(a) Gandhiji’s ashes were taken to
(i) Ahmedabad(ii) Allahabad ✔(ii) Delhi(iv) Benaras
(b A huge crowd had gathered by the
(i) Ganges ✔(ii) Yamuna(ii) Brahmaputra(iv) Narmada
(c) Gandhiji awakened people to one another’s
(i) indifference(ii) jealousy(iii) suffering ✔(iv) greed
8. Complete the following sentences with information from the text:
(a) People on the special train were singing Bhajans.
(b) The author felt she had grown up within a magic circle.
(c) Bapu had passed away but his India would continue to live in his children.
9. Fill in the chart with information from the text:
|
Cause |
Effect |
|
(a) They could feel the presence of Gandhiji in
flowers and songs. |
People
did not weep anymore. |
|
(b)
The magic circle vanished. |
The
author felt unprotected. |
|
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Her values were not so weak. |
The
author felt that she wouldn’t lose courage so easily. |
10. Join the following pairs of sentences into single sentences as directed:
(a) I saw a snake. I ran away. (use participle)
Ans :- Seeing a snake I ran away.
(b) He learns music. He listens to the chords. (use a preposition with gerund)
Ans:- He learns music by listening to the chords.
(c) Gold is a precious metal. It is used to make ornaments. (use a noun in apposition)
Ans:- Gold, a precious metal is used to make ornaments.
(d) Ramu has some money. He can buy books. (use infinitive)
Ans:- Ramu has some money to buy books.
(e) The sky was cloudy. We postponed our journey. (use nominative absolute)
Ans:- The sky being cloudy we postponed our journey.
(f) The boy wrote the answer. The answer was incorrect. (use an adverbial phrase)
Ans:- The boy wrote the answer incorrectly.
11. Join the following sentences into compound sentences.
a) The old man is unwell. He can not go out. (Use illative conjunction)
Ans:- The old man can not go out because/since he is unwell.
b) He is honest. He is humble. (Use cumulative conjunction)
Ans:- He is not only honest but also humble.
c) Sonali can not write poetry. She keeps on trying. (Use adversative conjunction)
Ans:- Sonali can not write poetry nevertheless she keeps on trying.
d) Study hard. You will not pass the examination. (Use alternative conjunction)
Ans:- Either you will study hard or you will not pass the examination.
12. Join the sentences into single complex sentences.
a) Rabindranath Tagore is a famous poet. He won the Nobel Prize. (use adjective clause)
Ans:- Rabindranath Tagore who was a famous poet won the noble prize.
b) He returned home. Everyone in the family had fallen asleep. (use adverb clause)
Ans:- When he returned home everyone in the family had fallen asleep.
c) The sun rises in the east. Everyone knows it. (use noun clause)
Ans:- Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.
13. Join the following pairs of sentences into single sentences as directed:
a) It rained hard. The roads were not flooded. (compound sentence)
Ans:- It rained hard but the roads were not flooded.
b) He completed his work. He took rest. (simple sentence)
Ans:- Completing his work he took rest.
c) Rahul is a great singer. He can sing different kinds of songs. (complex sentence)
Ans:- Rahul who is a great singer can sing different kinds of songs.
(d) The time of departure of the train has changed. Alia knew it. (complex sentence)
Ans:- Alia knew that the time of departure of the train had changed.
(e) I do not watch television. I do not listen to the radio. (compound sentence)
Ans:- Neither do I watch television or listen to the radio.
(f) The child was short. The child could not pick the guava from the tree. (simple sentence)
Ans:- The child being short could not pick the guava from the tree.
14. Split the following into two sentences:
(a) It rained and l could not leave my room.
Ans:- It rained. I could not leave my room.
(b) He thought that he could win the race.
Ans:- He could win the race. He thought it.
(c) Having been informed of the trouble, the Principal left for home.
Ans:- The principal had been informed of the trouble. He left for home.
(d) Nasir, who was the captain of the team, scored a century.
Ans:- Nasin was the captain of the team. He scored a century.
Writing activities
15. Write a biography of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (within 100 words) based on the hints given below:
born on 11 November 1888-composed poetry in Urdu–worked as a journalist, protested against British Raj–an enthusiastic supporter of Gandhiji’s ideas–wrote many books-like ‘India wins freedom, ‘Ghubar-e-Khatir’ etc — first Education Minister of Independent India–birthday celebrated as National Education Day–died on 22 February 1958
Biography on Moulana Abul Kalam Azad
Moulana Abul Kalam Azad was a statesman, poet and educationist. He was born on 11 November 1888. He was an enthusiastic supporter of Gandhiji. As a journalist, he raised his pen against the British Raj. He composed many poems in Urdu. His famous books include ‘India Wins Freedom‘ and ‘Ghubar-e-Khatir’. After independence, he became the first Education Minister of India. Now his birthday is celebrated as National Education Day in India. This great person breathed his last on 22 February 1958.
16. Use the following flow chart to write a paragraph on how a building is constructed. (Process Writing)
Flow Chart– Drawing of a plan of the building by the architect — getting the plan sanctioned by the municipal or corporation authority — engaging masons and labourers — starting the construction with bricks, cement and sand — fitting doors and windows — plastering of walls — wiring — electric and water connections — painting — building completed — fit for living
Construction of a Building
We live in buildings. Construction of a building needs a lot of money, time and labour. The construction of a building is done by the following steps. At first, a plan is drawn by an architect. Then it gets sanctioned by the municipal authority or by the corporation. Next, some masons and labourers are engaged in the construction work. The construction I started with bricks, cement and sand. When the basic structure is made, doors and windows are fitted. Then the plastering of the walls is done. Wiring on the walls is done too. After that electric and water connection are availed. At last, walls, windows and doors are painted with colours. Now the building is completed and is fit for living.
Extra Questions Answers:
1. When was the author called to Birla House?
Ans:- When the author was having tea at home on the evening of 30th January in 1948, she was called to Birla House.
2. How was the author called to Birla House?
Ans:- The author was called to Birla House by telephone.
3. When was Gandhiji shot?
Ans:- Gandhiji was shot when he was on his way to a prayer meeting.
4. Whom did the author find on reaching Birla House?
Ans:- On reaching Birla House the author found that Gandhiji's relatives and followers had gathered round his body.
5. What was there in the room as Gandhiji breathed his last?
Ans:- There was an unnatural silence in the room where Gandhiji had breathed his last.
6. How did the words of Gandhiji's death spread through Delhi?
Ans:- The words of Gandhiji's death spread through Delhi like a flame fanned by wind.
7. What could one see out of every window?
Ans:- One could see out of every window a brown blur of faces.
8. Why couldn't the people speak in the beginning?
Ans:- The people who had gathered around the Birla House were too stunned to speak in the beginning.
9. When did the people calm down a little?
Ans:- People calmed down a little when they would be allowed to see Gandhiji before his funeral.
10. When does a person begin to whimper?
Ans:- When a person receives a shock at the death of a near and dear one, he or she begins to whimper.
11. What question is uppermost in the mind of the mourning people?
Ans:- The question that is uppermost in the mind of the mourning people is what will happen to them now that their guardian has left them.
12. How did the people look like?
Ans:- The people looked like lost children.
13. What was the broadcast telling the people?
Ans:- The broadcast was telling the people of India that their Bapu was no more.
14. When was Gandhiji's funeral decided to take place?
Ans:- Gandhiji's funeral was decided to take place on the day after his death.
15. What did Padmasi tell the followers of Gandhiji?
Ans:- Padmasi told the followers of Gandhiji that they would walk with Gandhiji's procession.
16. Who was Padmasi?
Ans:- Padmasi was Mrs. Naidu's daughter.
17. Who watched the procession and how?
Ans:- Thousands of people watched the procession silently.
18. How was average Gandhiji taken to the cremation ground?
Ans:- Gandhiji’s body was taken on an open truck covered with flowers.
19. Where and how did Gandhiji walk?
Ans:- Gandhiji walked with a staff in hand over a large part of India.
20. What was open to average Indian?
Ans:- Walking was the only open way to average Indian.
21. What does walk normally require?
Ans:- Walk normally required no vehicle except one's body that cost one nothing but one's energy.
22. Why was the walk agonizing to the author?
Ans:- Gandhiji's death sent a shock wave through his followers. The author was deeply pained by it. So it was a agonizing walk for her.
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